Hollandaise is an emulsified sauce consisting of acid – lemon juice, fat – melted butter, and an emulsifier – egg yolk. Mayonnaise is made in a very similar fashion, the obvious differences being hollandaise is served warm and uses butter instead of oil. Vinaigrette is closely related to mayonnaise but lacks the egg yolk.
The history of hollandaise sauce stretches back over 350 years to 1651, when François Pierre La Varenne, the author of the groundbreaking cookbook Le Cusinier François described this sauce by saying “avec du bon beurre frais, un peu de vinaigre, sel et muscade, et un jaune d’œuf pour lier la sauce” or “make a sauce with good fresh butter, a little vinegar, salt, and nutmeg, and an egg yolk to bind the sauce”. Over the years, variations have been written about using a variety of different methods and ingredients but we are here to talk about the classic version.
Hollandaise is a French ‘mother’ sauce (one of five that are used as a base in the Haute cuisine repertoire) and was believed to have mimicked a Dutch sauce. Derivatives of hollandaise include but are not limited to: béarnaise sauce (tarragon & wine reduction), maltaise sauce (blood orange), choron sauce (tomato puree & bearnaise reduction) and mousseline sauce (whipped cream).
To make the basic recipe, the normal ratio of ingredients is 1 egg yolk:1 tsp lemon juice:4-6 Tbsp. butter. You may find it easier to make more rather than less.
1. Clarify the butter – heat the butter in a pan until it comes to the boil. Let it cool a minute or 2. Skim the white froth from the top. Gently pour the clarified butter into a jug, leaving behind the watery whey.
2. Whisk the egg yolk(s) in a stainless steel bowl.
3. Add the lemon juice.
4. Heat the yolks and lemon juice over a double boiler, whisking constantly until they thicken. This is called a ‘sabayon’.
5. Slowly add the warm clarified butter, whisking constantly. It should be poured in a steady stream. Too fast and the sauce will split. If the butter is too hot or too cold, it may also split. The clarified butter and the sabayon should be the same temperature to get a good result.
6. Season with a little salt and pepper.
I’ve had a request for a few tips for a really good hollandaise, so here’s my own recipe, based on sauce bearnaise but without the tarragon. You will need a blender for this method although it will turn out perfectly fine using the method above
.
Reduction:
1 cup white wine
1 tsp black peppercorns
A few sprigs of thyme
1 bayleaf
1 shallot, finely chopped
1. Heat the above ingredients together in a small saucepan.
2. Reduce to around 3-4 Tablespoons and pass through a fine sieve.
For the hollandaise:
2 Tbsp reduction
3 large egg yolks
250g butter
Salt and cracked pepper to taste
1. Bring the butter to the boil. Pour into a jug and put aside to cool slightly until it is nice and warm. Around 45-50˚C should be fine.
2. Bring the reduction to the boil.
3. Put the egg yolks in a tall blender.
4. With the motor running, slowly add the hot reduction.
5. Continuing with the motor running, slowly add the warm butter (don’t worry about clarifying it!) in a slow, steady stream.
6. Season to taste.
Tips:
We’ve skipped the step of heating the yolks over a double boiler, which is why we add the hot reduction. It is important that the reduction is hot so that it lightly cooks the eggs. Very important as hollandaise is a ‘high risk’ product and is susceptible to growing bacteria quickly.
Be patient when adding the butter. Too fast and it will split. Start very slowly and finish very slowly. Make sure the butter is not too hot or you will end up with a bowl of runny scrambled eggs!
Some people don’t like the look of speckles of pepper in their sauce. You can replace with fine ground white pepper instead.
If made properly, the sauce should be smooth and creamy. The flavour you are looking for is a balance between the richness of the butter and a slight tang of the reduction. It is to be served warm, not hot, and should be kept no longer than 2 hours before discarding.
To make béarnaise sauce (great with a nice steak!), add freshly chopped tarragon to the reduction and/or the finished sauce.
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